Which term describes behaviors aimed at gaining a reward or avoiding a negative consequence?

• A. Introjected Regulation
• B. External Regulation
• C. Identified Regulation
• D. Integrated Regulation

Answer: (B)

External Regulation describes actions driven by external consequences—receiving a reward or avoiding a negative outcome. This is the most controlled form of extrinsic motivation, where behavior is performed to obtain an outcome imposed by others or by the situation. It contrasts with introjected regulation (driven by internal pressures like guilt), identified regulation (the activity is adopted because it aligns with personal goals or values), and integrated regulation (the activity fits with one’s identity). An example is studying to earn a good grade or to avoid parental disapproval. This focus on external outcomes is what makes it the best fit for the described behavior.