Which theory is described as learners actively constructing knowledge based on experiences?

• A. Constructivism.
• B. Behaviorism.
• C. Cognitivism.
• D. Humanism.

Answer: (A)

Active construction of knowledge from experiences describes constructivism. In this view, learners bring their prior knowledge and beliefs to new situations and make sense of them by exploring, testing, and reflecting within meaningful contexts, often with guidance from others. This differs from behaviorism, which sees learning as changes in observable behavior driven by external stimuli; cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes and how information is processed; and humanism emphasizes personal growth and self-directed meaning-making without centering on building knowledge from experiences in the same contextual, active way. So the description best fits constructivism.